15 Interesting Facts About the Battle of Gettysburg

The Battle of Gettysburg, fought from July 1 to 3, 1863, during the American Civil War, is one of the most famous and pivotal battles in American history. It was a turning point that determined the fate of the nation. In this article, we will explore 15 fascinating facts about the Battle of Gettysburg, shedding light on the events that unfolded during those fateful days.

Fact 1: The Three-Day Engagement

A Prolonged Battle: The Battle of Gettysburg spanned three grueling days, making it one of the longest and deadliest battles of the Civil War. The engagement began on July 1, 1863, and continued until July 3, resulting in immense casualties on both sides.

Intensity and Carnage: Over the course of the battle, approximately 51,000 soldiers were killed, wounded, or missing, leaving the battlefield strewn with casualties and illustrating the ferocity of the conflict.

July 4th Victory: The Union victory at Gettysburg was confirmed on July 4th, the same day that the United States celebrated its independence.

Fact 2: General Robert E. Lee’s Ambitious Plan

Lee’s Invasion of the North: Confederate General Robert E. Lee, in an ambitious move, led the Army of Northern Virginia into Pennsylvania, hoping to win a major victory on Northern soil. He believed this victory would not only bolster the South’s morale but also potentially bring European powers to the Confederacy’s aid.

Meeting Unexpected Resistance: Lee’s plan was disrupted when Union forces, under the command of General George G. Meade, unexpectedly made contact with the Confederates in Gettysburg, leading to the battle.

High Stakes: The stakes were high for Lee, as the Confederacy had won several significant battles leading up to Gettysburg, and he hoped to capitalize on this momentum to force a negotiated peace with the Union.

Fact 3: The High Ground Advantage

Significance of Cemetery Ridge: Cemetery Ridge, a natural defensive position, played a pivotal role in the Union victory. Union forces were able to hold this elevated ground, providing them with a strategic advantage throughout the battle.

Pickett’s Charge: The most famous assault of the battle, known as Pickett’s Charge, saw Confederate forces attempting to dislodge Union troops from Cemetery Ridge. It ended in a disastrous defeat for the Confederates, cementing the Union’s hold on the high ground.

Little Round Top: Another key terrain feature was Little Round Top, a rocky hill on the Union left flank. Joshua Chamberlain and his men from Maine famously defended this position, preventing a Confederate breakthrough.

Fact 4: General George Pickett’s Ill-Fated Charge

The Infamous Pickett’s Charge: General George Pickett’s assault on the Union center on the third day of the battle is one of the most famous and ill-fated charges in military history. It resulted in a catastrophic loss for the Confederates.

Heavy Casualties: Pickett’s Charge resulted in devastating casualties, with Confederate forces suffering heavy losses, including many of their best troops.

Defining Moment: The failure of Pickett’s Charge marked a turning point in the battle and in the overall war, as it demonstrated the resilience of the Union forces and the difficulty of achieving a decisive victory on Northern soil.

Fact 5: The Gettysburg Address

Lincoln’s Iconic Speech: President Abraham Lincoln delivered his Gettysburg Address on November 19, 1863, at the dedication of the Soldiers’ National Cemetery at Gettysburg. This brief but powerful speech is considered one of the most eloquent expressions of American ideals and principles.

Honoring the Fallen: In his address, Lincoln emphasized the importance of the principles of liberty and equality for which the soldiers had fought and died, reaffirming the nation’s dedication to these ideals.

“A New Birth of Freedom”: Lincoln’s famous phrase, “that this nation, under God, shall have a new birth of freedom,” underscored the enduring significance of the Battle of Gettysburg.

Fact 6: The Battle’s Impact on General Meade

Meade’s Command: General George G. Meade, who had taken command of the Union Army just days before the battle, faced immense pressure. He managed to secure a Union victory at Gettysburg, but his cautious pursuit of Lee’s retreating army drew criticism.

Controversy and Criticism: Meade’s hesitancy to aggressively pursue Lee’s forces after the battle led to questions about whether he missed an opportunity to potentially end the war by capturing or defeating Lee’s army.

Preservation of the Union: Despite the criticisms, Meade’s leadership at Gettysburg contributed significantly to the preservation of the Union and marked a turning point in the Civil War.

Fact 7: The Role of Gettysburg’s Residents

Civilian Involvement: The Battle of Gettysburg had a profound impact on the town’s residents. Many of them had to flee their homes as the battle raged, and their properties were turned into makeshift hospitals.

Civilians’ Compassion: Gettysburg’s citizens played a crucial role in caring for the wounded and assisting medical personnel during and after the battle. Their compassion and resilience in the face of adversity are a testament to the strength of the American spirit.

Rebuilding the Town: After the battle, Gettysburg faced the monumental task of rebuilding and restoring the town. Many of the battlefield’s features were preserved as a lasting tribute to the sacrifices made there.

Fact 8: The Battle’s Impact on African Americans

The Contraband Camp: Gettysburg was the site of a significant contraband camp, where African Americans sought refuge and freedom during the Civil War. This camp provided a safe haven for those escaping slavery.

Contributions of Black Soldiers: African American soldiers, who fought for the Union in the United States Colored Troops, played a critical role in the battle. Their service and valor challenged prevailing racial prejudices.

Postwar Significance: The Battle of Gettysburg and the presence of African American troops foreshadowed the struggle for civil rights and equality that would continue long after the war’s end.

Fact 9: Monumental Remembrance

Gettysburg National Military Park: The battlefield at Gettysburg was preserved and designated as a national military park in the late 19th century. This park is now a site of reflection and remembrance.

Monuments and Memorials: Over 1,300 monuments and memorials, representing various states, units, and individuals who fought in the battle, dot the battlefield, serving as enduring symbols of honor and remembrance.

Eternal Light Peace Memorial: The Eternal Light Peace Memorial, dedicated in 1938, stands as a symbol of reconciliation and peace between the North and the South.

Fact 10: The Cyclorama

Gettysburg Cyclorama: The Gettysburg Cyclorama is a massive panoramic painting created by artist Paul Philippoteaux in the late 19th century. It depicts Pickett’s Charge and immerses viewers in the intensity of the battle.

Historical Accuracy: The cyclorama is renowned for its historical accuracy and attention to detail, making it a significant attraction for history enthusiasts and tourists.

A 360-Degree Experience: Visitors can view the cyclorama in a specially designed circular viewing area, allowing them to experience the battle from all angles.

Fact 11: The Battle of Gettysburg Reenactments

Living History: The Battle of Gettysburg reenactments are among the most famous and well-attended in the United States. These events bring history to life and allow participants and spectators to immerse themselves in the experience.

Educational and Commemorative: Gettysburg reenactments serve as both educational tools and opportunities for individuals to commemorate the sacrifices made during the battle.

Visitor Engagement: Reenactors, in period clothing and equipment, help visitors gain a deeper understanding of the conditions and experiences of those who fought in the battle.

Fact 12: The Gettysburg National Cemetery

Dedication of the Cemetery: The Soldiers’ National Cemetery at Gettysburg was dedicated on November 19, 1863, during the same ceremony in which Abraham Lincoln delivered the Gettysburg Address.

Final Resting Place: The cemetery became the final resting place for many of the Union soldiers who perished during the battle. Their graves are marked with simple, uniform headstones.

Solemn Memorial: The cemetery serves as a solemn memorial to the soldiers who gave their lives in the struggle for the Union and the principles of freedom and equality.

Fact 13: The Legends of Gettysburg

Ghost Stories and Legends: Gettysburg is notorious for its numerous ghost stories and legends, with many visitors reporting paranormal experiences on the battlefield and in town.

Devotion and Hauntings: Some believe that the intensity of the battle and the deep emotional connection to the site have resulted in lingering spirits and unexplained phenomena.

Haunted Sites: Locations like Devil’s Den, the Triangular Field, and Sachs Covered Bridge are believed to be particularly haunted, adding an element of mystery to the battlefield’s history.

Fact 14: Preservation Efforts

Preservation and Conservation: The battlefield at Gettysburg has been the subject of significant preservation and conservation efforts. Organizations like the Gettysburg Foundation and the National Park Service work tirelessly to protect and maintain this historic site.

Ongoing Restoration: These efforts include the restoration of key features, such as fences, roads, and historic structures, to preserve the battlefield’s appearance and atmosphere.

Educational Initiatives: Preservation organizations also focus on educating the public about the historical significance of Gettysburg and its ongoing importance.

Fact 15: The Global Impact

Global Symbol of Democracy: The Battle of Gettysburg and its historical legacy have had a global impact. It serves as a symbol of democracy, unity, and the enduring struggle for liberty and equality.

Influence on Military Strategy: Military leaders from around the world have studied the battle for its tactics and strategies, contributing to the development of modern military thought.

An Enduring Legacy: The Battle of Gettysburg’s significance goes beyond American history, as it continues to inspire people worldwide to stand for the principles of freedom and democracy.

Conclusion

The Battle of Gettysburg stands as a testament to the courage, sacrifice, and determination of those who fought there. It is a pivotal moment in American history that continues to captivate our imagination and remind us of the enduring values for which the battle was fought. Whether we reflect on the high ground advantage, Lincoln’s iconic address, or the battle’s global influence, the Battle of Gettysburg remains a powerful symbol of unity and the enduring pursuit of freedom and equality in the United States and around the world.