15 Interesting Facts About the Mohawk Tribe

The Mohawk Tribe, part of the Haudenosaunee Confederacy, has a rich and diverse history that extends over centuries. Their unique culture and enduring legacy have left an indelible mark on the world. In this article, we’ll explore 15 fascinating facts about the Mohawk Tribe, shedding light on their traditions, contributions, and resilience.

Fact 1: Mohawk Origins

The Mohawks, also known as the Kanien’kehá:ka, are one of the Six Nations of the Haudenosaunee Confederacy, also called the Iroquois Confederacy.

1. Great Law of Peace: The Haudenosaunee Confederacy is known for its Great Law of Peace, which inspired the U.S. Constitution and the concept of federalism.
2. Eastern Woodlands People: The Mohawks’ traditional territory spanned across the northeastern woodlands of North America, encompassing parts of what are now New York, Vermont, and Canada.
3. Warriors and Allies: The Mohawks were historically renowned as fierce warriors and served as allies to European colonial powers.

Fact 2: Mohawk Clan System

The Mohawks have a clan-based society, with clan membership and kinship playing a significant role in their social structure.

1. Three Matrilineal Clans: The Mohawk people are organized into three matrilineal clans: Turtle, Bear, and Wolf. Each clan has distinct responsibilities and roles.
2. Clan Mother’s Authority: The Clan Mother, a highly respected figure, appoints the male representatives who serve as chiefs in the Grand Council.
3. Collective Decision-Making: Decision-making in Mohawk society is based on consensus, with a strong emphasis on unity and cooperation.

Fact 3: Mohawk Language

The Mohawk language, part of the Iroquoian language family, is a vital component of their cultural heritage.

1. Kanien’kéha: The Mohawk language is known as Kanien’kéha and is still spoken by Mohawk communities today, although it faces the threat of language loss.
2. Oral Tradition: Traditional stories, ceremonies, and cultural knowledge are passed down through the language, emphasizing its cultural significance.
3. Language Revitalization: Efforts to revitalize the Mohawk language have been ongoing, with language immersion programs and educational initiatives.

Fact 4: Traditional Housing

Historically, the Mohawks lived in longhouses, which were integral to their communal lifestyle.

1. Longhouse Communities: Longhouses were large, multi-family dwellings that housed extended families and sometimes entire clans. They were made of wooden frames covered with bark.
2. Community-Centered: The longhouse was a central aspect of Mohawk life, serving as a place for communal activities, ceremonies, and social interaction.
3. Symbol of Unity: The structure of the longhouse symbolized the importance of unity and kinship within Mohawk society.

Fact 5: Mohawk Agriculture

The Mohawks were skilled agriculturalists who cultivated a variety of crops.

1. Three Sisters: Like many Native American tribes, the Mohawks practiced the “Three Sisters” agricultural technique, cultivating corn, beans, and squash together.
2. Sustainable Farming: This method was not only efficient but also sustainable, with each crop supporting the growth of the others.
3. Corn as a Staple: Corn, in particular, played a vital role in their diet and culture, and it continues to hold significant cultural importance.

Fact 6: Wampum Belts

Wampum belts, made from seashells, were and continue to be a significant part of Mohawk culture.

1. Symbolic and Diplomatic: Wampum belts were used for various purposes, including marking agreements and treaties, recording history, and symbolizing important events.
2. Intricate Designs: The belts feature intricate beadwork and patterns that conveyed specific messages and information.
3. Cultural Identity: Wampum belts remain emblematic of Mohawk cultural identity and are used in ceremonies, storytelling, and diplomacy.

Fact 7: The Role of Women

In Mohawk society, women have traditionally held important roles and responsibilities.

1. Clan Mothers: Clan Mothers are highly influential figures who appoint chiefs and play a crucial role in governance.
2. Agricultural Leadership: Women were responsible for agricultural activities, including farming, planting, and harvesting.
3. Spiritual Leaders: Women were also considered spiritual leaders, often overseeing religious ceremonies and rituals.

Fact 8: The Mohawk Ironworkers

The Mohawk ironworkers are renowned for their skilled labor in the construction of skyscrapers and bridges.

1. High Steel Tradition: Beginning in the late 19th century, Mohawk ironworkers were sought after for their courage and skill in working at great heights.
2. Contributions to Landmarks: Mohawk ironworkers have played a significant role in the construction of iconic landmarks such as the Empire State Building and the World Trade Center.
3. Proud Legacy: This tradition of ironworking has been passed down through generations, with many Mohawk families taking pride in their contributions to the modern skyline.

Fact 9: The Mohawk Institute

The Mohawk Institute, also known as the “Mush Hole,” was a residential school that had a profound impact on the community.

1. Forced Assimilation: The Mohawk Institute, like other residential schools in Canada, aimed to assimilate Indigenous children into European culture, often with severe consequences for cultural identity and well-being.
2. Survivor Stories: Survivors of the Mohawk Institute have shared their stories, shedding light on the lasting impact of these institutions.
3. Truth and Reconciliation: In recent years, efforts have been made to address the historical injustices associated with residential schools and seek reconciliation.

Fact 10: Mohawk Lacrosse

Lacrosse, known as the “Creator’s Game,” is a traditional sport with deep cultural roots among the Mohawks.

1. Spiritual Significance: Lacrosse is more than just a sport for the Mohawks; it holds spiritual and ceremonial importance.
2. Community-Building: The game is seen as a means of building community, fostering leadership, and promoting physical fitness.
3. Professional Players: Mohawk athletes have excelled in professional lacrosse leagues, making significant contributions to the sport’s development.

Fact 11: Mohawk Symbols and Art

The Mohawks have a rich tradition of symbolic art, often featuring animals and natural elements.

1. Wooden Carvings: Traditional Mohawk art includes wooden carvings and sculptures, often featuring animals and plant motifs.
2. Beadwork: Beadwork is another prominent form of artistic expression, with intricate designs found in clothing, regalia, and accessories.
3. Storytelling: Mohawk art often tells stories, communicates messages, and reflects the cultural significance of various symbols and patterns.

Fact 12: Akwesasne Territory

Akwesasne is a Mohawk territory located at the convergence of the United States, Canada, and Quebec.

1. Transnational Community: Akwesasne is unique in that it straddles international borders, with community members residing in Canada and the United States. The St. Lawrence River and the surrounding land are central to their territory.
2. Complex Jurisdiction: The Akwesasne community navigates complex legal and jurisdictional issues, managing their land and resources in a way that respects both national boundaries and Mohawk sovereignty.
3. Self-Governance: The Mohawks of Akwesasne exercise a degree of self-governance and have their own legal and political systems.

Fact 13: Mohawk Nation Council of Chiefs

The Mohawk Nation Council of Chiefs serves as the traditional government of the Mohawk people.

1. Preserving Tradition: The Council of Chiefs is tasked with preserving Mohawk traditions, laws, and governance structures, including the use of clan mothers and the clan system.
2. Political Representation: The Council plays a vital role in representing the Mohawk Nation in discussions and negotiations with national governments and other Indigenous nations.
3. Advocacy and Cultural Preservation: They advocate for Indigenous rights and cultural preservation, ensuring that Mohawk traditions continue to be passed down to future generations.

Fact 14: Mohawk Casino Resort

The Mohawk people have diversified their economic activities, and the Akwesasne Mohawk Casino Resort is a significant source of revenue.

1. Economic Development: The casino has provided jobs and economic opportunities for the Akwesasne community, supporting infrastructure development and social programs.
2. Cultural Events: The resort hosts cultural events and gatherings, celebrating Mohawk traditions and welcoming visitors from various backgrounds.
3. Community Investment: Revenue generated from the casino is reinvested into the community, funding education, healthcare, and other essential services.

Fact 15: Mohawk Solidarity

Throughout history, the Mohawk people have shown solidarity with other Indigenous nations and causes.

1. Oka Crisis: The Mohawks of Kanesatake and Kahnawake made headlines during the Oka Crisis in 1990, when they protested against a proposed golf course expansion on ancestral land.
2. Standing Rock: Mohawk activists have also shown solidarity with the Standing Rock Sioux Tribe in their opposition to the Dakota Access Pipeline.
3. Global Indigenous Rights: Mohawks have been involved in advocating for global Indigenous rights and supporting the rights of Indigenous peoples worldwide.

Conclusion

The Mohawk Tribe’s enduring culture and legacy serve as a testament to their resilience, strength, and rich heritage. From their clan-based society to their contributions in various fields, the Mohawks have left an indelible mark on the world. As they continue to preserve their traditions, protect their lands, and advocate for Indigenous rights, the Mohawk people inspire us with their commitment to their identity and the enduring values of their ancestors.